I’ve tried various possibilities, but there seems to be no solution.
(@makalu’s suggestion, while useful, is just adding some context to the question and making it about actual usage, rather than about the dry grammatical prompts (e.g. “F. genitive”) which I used. That’s a good idea, but it doesn’t solve the multiple-meanings problem.)
1. I created a course where each German word appears once (i.e. one row), but with multiple English alt prompts. This solves the “which of the identical-looking answers is the correct one?” problem. But I never get prompted with the alts - only with the primary English meaning. So, for example, for “der”, I get prompted with “The (nominative M.)” - but never with “The (F. dative)”, “The (F. genitive)” or “The (plural genitive)”, all of which are equally-important uses of the same German word “der”.
2. I tried creating a course with one row per German word. But instead of using Alts, I added multiple extra columns, because (somewhere else) someone suggested that you could test on multiple columns. So my columns for “der” look like this (in one single row):
German: der
English: The (M. nominative)
German2: der
English2: The (F. dative)
German3: der
English3: The (F. genitive)
German4: der
English4: The (plural genitive)
Then I continued creating another row for each other unique form of the German article: since only “der” and “die” have 4 usages, some of the columns weren’t used for the other forms “das”, “den”, “des” and “dem”.
The idea is that I could set up the course to Test on German, Prompt with English; Test on German2, Prompt with English2; Test on German3; Prompt with English3; Test on German4, Prompt with English4.
But this is not possible. Memrise only allows you to set one pair of columns in a course for “test on, prompt with”. So this course, while it does show all the other columns (German2-4, English 2-4) when teaching you, which is nice, never tests you on them.
The trouble is, I think, that these multiple English meanings for the same German word are not really “alternative” meanings - nice-to-know but not essential. They’re all equally important, so that a course to teach them should test on every single one of them, rather than treating the first meaning as the only important one.
I’m beginning to think that Memrise, as it stands now, simply can’t handle this kind of multiple-meanings course.