*** Basics 1 (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/1/) arán bread biachlár menu uisce water cailín girl buachaill boy fear man bean woman páiste child agus and úll apple mé I tú you sé he, it sí she, it muid we (begins with "m") sinn we (begins with "s") sibh you (pl) siad they táim I am tá tú you are (singular) tá sé he is tá sí she is ithim I eat itheann sí she eats ithimid we eat ólaim I drink ólann sé he drinks í she, it (with "copula") é he, it (with "copula") iad they (with "copula") *** Basic 2 (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/2/) nuachtán newspaper na (article) the (pl) fir men mná women buachaillí boys cailíní girls páistí children ceapaire sandwich bainne milk rís rice leabhar book léim I read (present tense) léann sé he reads léimid we read agam at me aige at him aici at her táimid we are tá sibh you are (pl) tá siad they are Tá úll agat. You have an apple. ólaimid uisce we drink water mór big beag small óg young sean old Tá sé mór. He is big. Tá tú beag. You are small Tá an páiste óg The child is young. Tá an fear sean The man is old. Is cailín í. She is a girl. ("copula") Is bean í. She is a woman ("copula") Is fear é. He is a man. ("copula") Is páistí iad. They are children. ("copula") Is bainne é. It is milk. ("copula") Is rís í. It is rice. ("copula") mise (emphatic) I, me (emphatic) tusa (emphatic) you (emphatic) sibhse (emphatic) you (pl.:emphatic) Is mise Pól I am Paul. *** Common Phrases (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/3/) Dia duit Hello Dia is Muire duit Hello to you too Dia daoibh Hello (pl) Dia is Muire daoibh Hello to you too (pl) maidin morning maith good Maidin mhaith Good morning tráthnóna afternoon, evening Tráthnóna maith Good afternoon oíche night Oíche mhaith Good night slán goodbye Slán abhaile! Safe home! le do thoil please Go raibh maith agat Thank you Go raibh maith agaibh Thank you (pl) Fáilte! Welcome! Tá fáilte romhat! You are welcome! comhghairdeas congratulations labhraíonn sí she speaks (starts with "L") labhraímid we speak (starts with "L") labhraím I speak (starts with "L") Gaeilge Irish (language) Béarla English (language) brón sadness Tá brón orm. I am sorry. *** Food (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/4/) oráiste orange (fruit, color) iasc fish caife (beverage) coffee fíon wine sicín chicken anlann sauce glasraí vegetables siúcra sugar cáca cake pióg pie lón lunch bricfeasta breakfast pasta pasta toradh fruit (sg) torthaí fruit (pl) sú juice cairéad carrot cáis cheese beoir beer anraith soup tráta tomato mairteoil beef bagún bacon bia food sú talún strawberry stobhach stew fearr better, preferred ola oil salann salt feoil meat tae tea piobar pepper muiceoil pork veigeatóir vegetarian veigeán vegan dinnéar dinner seacláid chocolate uachtar reoite ice cream im butter banana banana brocailí broccoli spionáiste spinach stéig steak ubh egg pláta plate an líomóid the lemon béile meal píotsa pizza liom with me leat with you Is maith liom stobhach I like stew Is maith leat é You like it. *** Animals (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/5/) lacha duck (noun) cat cat turtar turtle capall horse madra dog ("m") rón seal (animal) eilifint elephant damhán alla spider luch mouse ainmhí animal béar bear (animal) portán crab leon lion ulchabhán owl moncaí monkey féileacán butterfly fia deer tíogar tiger mac tíre wolf (noun) coinín rabbit peata pet (noun) *** Plurals (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/6/) leabhair books cait cats madraí dogs ("m") capaill horses lucha mice úlla apples turtair turtles plátaí plates ceapairí sandwiches béir bears (animal) lachain ducks (noun) ainmhithe animals eilifintí elephants *** Eclipsis 1: Introduction (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/7/) ag an at the pictiúrlann cinema (place) ag an bpictiúrlann at the cinema teach house ag an teach at the house ar an on the bord table ar an mbord on the table ar an tsráid (F) on the street ar an úll on the apple roimh (prep) before (prep) roimh an before the roimh an gcailín before the girl roimh an bportán before the crab trioblóid trouble i dtrioblóid in trouble i gcónaí always *** Lenition 1: Introduction (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/8/) péitseog peach an phéitseog the peach an bhean the woman sráid street an tsráid the street cuisneoir refrigerator milseán a sweet (candy: sg) milseáin sweets (candy: pl) don (do + an) to the, for the don bhuachaill to the boy den ("de" + "an") of the, off the den chailín of the girl den doras of the door den úll of the apple sa chuisneoir in the fridge sa teach in the house tine fire tinte fires *** Clothing (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/9/) caitheann sí she wears caithimid we wear caithim I wear léine shirt léinte shirts sciorta skirt sciortaí skirts bróg shoe bróga shoes cóta coat cótaí coats gúna dress gúnaí dresses hata hat hataí hats culaith suit éadaí clothes bríste pants (sg) brístí pants (pl) geansaí sweater pitseámaí pyjamas seaicéad jacket *** Possessives (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/10/) mo my teach house mo theach my house m' my (before vowel) m'fhear my man do your mac son do mhac your son d' your (before vowel) iníon daughter d'iníon your daughter a (poss.: w/ lenition) his a bhuachaill his boy a úll his apple a (poss.: no lenition/eclipsis) hers a buachaill her boy a húll her apple ár our ár bportán our crab ár n-úll our apple bhur your (pl) bhur bportán your (pl) crab bhur n-arán your (pl) bread a (poss.: w/ eclipsis) their fáinne ring a bhfáinne their ring a n-úll their apple liomsa (emphatic) with me (emphatic) leatsa (emphatic) with you (emphatic) linne (emphatic) with us (emphatic) *** Verbs Present 1 - 1stConj (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/11/) tóg (root) take, build, lift (root) tógaim I take tógaimid we take tógann sé he takes an dtógann tú? do you take? ní thógann tú you don't take snámh (root) swim (root) snámhaim I swim snámhaimid we swim snámhann siad they swim scríobh (root) write (root) scríobhaim I write scríobhann tú you write íoc (root) pay (root) íocaimid we pay íocann siad they pay bris (root) break (root) briseann sé he breaks brisim I break an mbriseann sé does he break? ní bhriseann sé he doesn't break éist (root) listen (root) éistim I listen éisteann tú you listen éistimid we listen éist le listen to (le) rith (root) run (root) rithim I run ritheann siad they run siúil (root) walk (root) siúlaim I walk siúlann sé he walks úsáid (root) use (root) úsáidim I use úsáideann sí she uses *** Verbs Present 1 - 2ndConj (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/12/) codail (root) sleep (root) codlaím I sleep codlaíonn sí she sleeps codlaímid we sleep an gcodlaím? do I sleep? ní chodlaím I don't sleep codladh (VN) sleep (VN) Táim i mo chodladh. I am sleeping. (Táim...) freagair (root) answer (root) freagraímid we answer freagraíonn sé he answers imir (root) play (root; sports) imrím I play imríonn sí she plays imrímid we play oibrigh (root) work (root) oibrímid we work oibríonn sí she works inis (root) tell (root) insím I tell insíonn sí she tells ní insíonn sí she doesn't tell an insíonn sí? does she tell? insint (VN) telling (VN) taitin (root) shine (root) taitním I shine taitníonn sé he shines oscail (root) open (root) osclaímid we open osclaíonn tú you open bailigh (root) collect (root) bailím I collect bailíonn sí she collects bailímid we collect bailiú (VN) collecting (VN) scéal story scéalta stories gach every rud thing *** Verbs Present 1 Irregular (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/13/) abair (root) say (root) deirim I say deir tú you say deir sí she says deirimid we say deir siad they say an ndeirim? do I say? ní deir tú you don't say beir (root) catch, bear (root) beirim I catch beireann tú you catch beirimid we catch clois (root) hear (root) cloisim I hear cloiseann tú you hear cloisimid we hear an gcloiseann tú? do you hear? déan (root) do, make (root) déanaim I do déanann siad they do déanaimid we do faigh (root) get (root) faighim I get faigheann tú you get faighimid we get feic (root) see (root) feicim I see feiceann tú you see feicimid we see ith (root) eat (root) ithim I eat ithimid we eat tabhair (root) give (root) tugaim I give tugann sé he gives tugaimid we give tar (root) come (root) tagaim I come tagann tú you come tagaimid we come téigh (root) go (root) téann tú you go téimid we go bí (root) be (root) táim I am atá (a + tá) that is (a + tá) an bhfuil tú? are you? (interrogative of tá tú) níl sé he is not (negative of tá sé) ní chloiseann tú you don't hear *** Colors (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/14/) dubh black dearg red rua red (russet) bán white bándearg pink buí yellow liath gray corcra purple geal bright dorcha dark glas (color) green uaine green (vivid) flannbhuí orange (yellow-orange) donn brown gorm blue bánghorm light blue dúghorm dark blue dath color dathanna colors nó or an eilifint dhubh the black elephant an bosca dubh the black box *** Questions : Who? Where? When? Why? (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/15/) cé? who? cé leis? whose? céard? what? (Connacht) cad? what? (Munster) cén? which? fáth reason cén fáth? why? cá? where? cén áit? what place? (cén ...?) cá háit? what place? (cá ...?) cá bhfuil...? where is...? cathain? when? cén uair? what time? (cén ...?) cá huair? what time? (cá ...?) áit place (noun; "á") uair hour cé mhéad? (cá mhéad?) how many? conas? how? ceist question (noun) ceisteanna questions (noun) freagra answer (noun) freagraí answers (noun) An ea? Is it? (ea) Nach ea? Isn't it? (ea) Cad is ainm duit? What is your name? Yu Ming is ainm dom. My name is Yu Ming. *** Conjunctions (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/16/) agus and ach but mar because, like nuair a when (conj.: the time that) má if ("m": positive "If..." clause) sin that ("s") Is maith liom an bainne sin. I like that milk. é sin that (two words) seo this ("s") *** Prepositions 1: ar, le, ag (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/17/) ar (prep) on orm on me ort on you air on him uirthi on her orainn on us oraibh on you (pl) orthu on them ar an on the áthas happiness le with liom with me leat with you leis with him léi with her linn with us libh with you (pl) leo with them leis an ("le"+"an") with the leis na with the (pl) ag at, by agat at you aige at him aici at her againn at us agaibh at you (pl) acu at them ag an at the *** Prepositions 1: gan, ó, chun (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/18/) gan without gan Pól without Paul ó from uaim from me uait from you uaidh from him uaithi from her uainn from us uaibh from you (pl) uathu from them ón from the teastaigh be needed (root) chuig, chun towards chugam towards me chugat towards you chuige towards him chuici towards her chugainn towards us chugaibh towards you (pl) chucu towards them *** Ireland (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/19/) Taoiseach Irish Prime Minister Corcaigh Cork uachtarán president Baile Átha Cliath Dublin iománaíocht hurling cumann association Gael an Irish person An Bhlárna Blarney caisleán castle Caisleán na Blárnan Blarney Castle cloch stone (noun) Cloch na Blárnan Blarney stone aontas union eorpach European An tAontas Eorpach The European Union poblacht republic Poblacht na hÉireann Republic of Ireland gaeilgeoir Irish speaker madra rua fox ("m") sionnach fox ("s") portach bog portaigh bogs An Cumann Lúthchleas Gael The Gaelic Athletic Association *** Dates/Time: Units of Time (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/20/) inniu today amárach tomorrow anocht tonight tráthnóna afternoon, evening maidin go tráthnóna morning to evening an t-am the time féilire calendar seachtain week seachtainí weeks deireadh seachtaine weekend lá day laethanta days bliain year blianta years mí month míonna months aois age Cén aois thú? How old are you? séasúr season dáta date (of month/year) nóiméad minute (unit of time) ar feadh for (the duration of) soicind second (unit of time) coicís fortnight ó shin ago coicís ó shin a fortnight ago cóisir party breith birth breithlá birthday clog clock uaireadóir wristwatch aláram alarm seo this ("s") ag an am seo at this time *** Dates/Time: Seasons/Months (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/21/) Eanáir January Mí Eanáir month of January Feabhra February Mí Feabhra month of February Márta March Mí an Mhárta month of March Aibreán April Mí Aibreáin month of April Bealtaine May Mí na Bealtaine month of May Meitheamh June Mí an Mheithimh month of June Iúil July Mí Iúil month of July Lúnasa August Mí Lúnasa month of August meán middle (average) fómhar autumn (harvest) Meán Fómhair September Mí Mheán Fómhair month of September deireadh end Deireadh Fómhair October Mí Dheireadh Fómhair month of October Samhain November Mí na Samhna month of November Nollaig (month) December Mí na Nollag month of December an Nollaig (holiday) Christmas geimhreadh winter earrach spring samhradh summer Oíche Shamhna Halloween *** Dates/Time: Days of Week (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/22/) an Luan Monday (the Monday) Dé Luain Monday, on Monday (Dé) an Mháirt Tuesday (the Tuesday) Dé Máirt Tuesday, on Tuesday (Dé) an Chéadaoin Wednesday (the Wednesday) Dé Céadaoin Wednesday, on Wednesday (Dé) an Déardaoin Thursday (the Thursday) Déardaoin Thursday, on Thursday (Dé...) an Aoine Friday (the Friday) Dé hAoine Friday, on Friday (Dé) an Satharn Saturday (the Saturday) Dé Sathairn Saturday, on Saturday (Dé) an Domhnach Sunday (the Sunday) Dé Domhnaigh Sunday, on Sunday (Dé) Domhnaí Sundays (pl) *** Family (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/23/) máthair mother athair father tuismitheoir parent iníon daughter mac son mic sons deirfiúr sister deirfiúracha sisters deartháir brother deartháireacha brothers mamaí mom daidí dad siblín sibling na siblíní the siblings uncail uncle aintín aunt col ceathar cousin (first) pósadh marriage céile companion bean chéile wife fear céile husband le chéile together muintir family (extended;"m") teaghlach family (household; "t") clann family (children; "c") gaolta relatives ("g") seanmháthair grandmother seanathair grandfather ainm name ainmneacha names *** Jobs (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/24/) dalta student (primary/secondary) na daltaí the students (primary/secondary) mac léinn student (college) dochtúir doctor údar author ealaíontóir artist post job foireann team cócaire cook oibrí worker dlíodóir lawyer rúnaí secretary na póilíní the police na gardaí the police (Irish) iriseoir journalist breitheamh judge múinteoir teacher múinteoirí teachers scríbhneoir writer captaen captain aisteoir actor aisteoirí actors ceannasaí boss proifisiún profession feirmeoir farmer innealtóir engineer freastalaí waiter *** Adjectives (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/25/) nua new tuirseach tired fíor (adj) true glan (adj) clean (adj) salach dirty dona bad áitiúil local idirnáisiúnta international oscailte open (adj) pearsanta personal príobháideach private difriúil different daonna human (adj) dátheangach bilingual dleathach legal beo alive marbh dead tábhachtach important oifigiúil official (adj) proifisiúnta professional (adj) míleata military (adj) deireanach last riachtanach necessary nua-aimseartha modern traidisiúnta traditional amaideach stupid dearfach positive neamhspleách independant dodhéanta impossible freagrach responsible foirfe perfect mícheart incorrect bródúil proud iontach wonderful deacair difficult ceolmhar musical speisialta special spéisiúil interesting ("sp") suimiúil interesting ( "su") éifeachtach effective costasach expensive scanraithe scared minic frequent ar fáil available praghas price neirbhíseach nervous *** Verbs Present 2 - 1stConj (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/26/) fás (root) grow (root) fásaim I grow fásann sí she grows fásaimid we grow ceap (root) think (root) ceapaim I think ceapann sí she thinks an gceapann sé? does he think? An gceapann tú? Ceapaim. Do you think? Yes, I think. An gceapann tú? Ní cheapaim. Do you think? I don't think. fág (root) leave (root; "f") fágaim I leave ("f") fágann sé he leaves ("f") dún (root) close (root) dúnaim I close dúnann tú you close an ndúnann tú? do you close? ní dhúntar é It's not closed díol (root) sell (root) díolann sí she sells glan (root) clean (root) glanann sé he cleans fan (root) stay (root) fanaim I stay fanann sí she stays gearr (root) cut (root) gearrann tú you cut gearraimid we cut buail (root) hit, meet (root) buailim I hit buaileann sí she hits buailimid we hit fill (root) return (root) filleann sé he returns cuir (root) put (root) cuirim I put (present tense) cuireann sé he puts (present tense) tuig (root) understand (root) tuigim I understand An dtuigeann tú? Do you understand? An dtuigeann siad? Tuigeann. Do they understand? Yes, they understand. An dtuigeann siad? Ní thuigeann. Do they understand? No, they don't understand. tiomáin (root) drive (root) tiomáinim I drive tiomáineann sí she drives béic (root) shout (root) béicim I shout béiceann tú you shout an mbéiceann sé? does he shout? troid (root) fight (root) troideann sé he fights tuill (root) earn (root) tuillim I earn tuilleann sé he earns an dtuilleann sí? does she earn? caill (root) lose (root) caillim I lose sábháil (root) save (root) sábhálaim I save sábhálann sí she saves buaigh (root) win (root) buann sí she wins glaoigh (root) call (root) glaoann sí she calls tóg (root) take, build, lift (root) ní thógann sé he does not build *** Verbs Present 2 - 2ndConj (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/27/) athraigh (root) change (root) athraím I change athraíonn sí she changes ceannaigh (root) buy (root) ceannaím I buy ceannaíonn siad they buy cabhraigh (root) help (root) cabhraímid we help cabhraíonn sibh you help (pl) an gcabhraíonn sibh? do you help? (pl) An gcabhraíonn sé? Cabhraíonn. Does he help? Yes, he helps. An gcabhraíonn sé? Ní chabhraíonn. Does he help? No, he doesn't help. ní thaitním I don't shine imigh (root) go away (root; "i") imíonn sí she goes away ("i") imímid we go away ("i") an imíonn tú? do you go away? ("i") nigh (root) wash (root) ním I wash níonn tú you wash an insíonn sí? does she tell? duaiseanna prizes *** Verbs Present - Copula (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/28/) Is dochtúir í. She is a doctor. Is dochtúir é. He is a doctor. Is buachaillí iad They are boys. Ní buachaillí iad. They aren't boys. Is dochtúir í an bhean. The woman is a doctor. Is dochtúir é an fear. The man is a doctor. Ní dochtúir é an fear. The man isn't a doctor. Is í an dochtúir í. She is the doctor. Is é an dochtúir é. He is the doctor. Ní hé an dochtúir é. He isn't the doctor. Is é an dochtúir an fear. The man is the doctor. Is í Niamh an dochtúir. Niamh is the doctor. Is é Pól an dochtúir. Paul is the doctor. Ní hí an dochtúir í. She isn't the doctor. Ní hé Pól an dochtúir. Paul isn't the doctor. Is í seo an bhróg. This is the shoe. Is é seo an leabhar. This is the book. Ní hé seo an leabhar This isn't the book. Is iad seo na capaill. These are the horses. Ní hiad seo na capaill. These are not the horses. Is mise Cara I am Cara. Ní mise Cara. I am not Cara. Dochtúir is ea í. She is a doctor! (doctor emphasized) Dochtúir is ea é. He is a doctor! (doctor emphasized) Páistí is ea iad. They are children! (children emphasized) An dochtúir í? Is ea. Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. An dochtúir í? Ní hea Is she a doctor? No, she isn't. An dochtúir é? Is ea. Is he a doctor? Yes, he is. An dochtúir é? Ní hea. Is he a doctor? No, he isn't. An í an dochtúir í? Is í. Is she the doctor? Yes, she is. An í an dochtúir í? Ní hí. Is she the doctor? No, she isn't. An é an dochtúir é? Is é. Is he the doctor? Yes, he is. An é an dochtúir é? Ní hé. Is he the doctor? No, he isn't. An mise an múinteoir? Is tú. Am I the teacher? Yes, you are. An mise an múinteoir? Ní tú Am I the teacher? No, you aren't. *** Prepositions 2: i, roimh (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/29/) i in (before consonants) in in (before vowel) ionam in me ionat in you ann ("i" + "sé") in him inti in her ionainn in us ionaibh in you (pl) iontu in them sa in the (sg) san in the (sg; before vowels) sna in the (pl) roimh (prep) before (prep) romham before me roimhe (prep+pronoun) before him roimpi before her romhainn before us romhaibh before you (pl) rompu before them roimh an before the i ndiaidh after ("i ...") i mo dhiaidh after me ("i") *** Prepositions 2: as, faoi, de (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/30/) as (prep) out of, from asam out of me asat out of you as (prep+pronoun) out of him aisti out of her asainn out of us asaibh out of you (pl) astu out of them as an out of the faoi (prep) under, about fúm under me fút under you faoi (prep + pronoun) under him fúithi under her fúinn under us fúibh under you (pl) fúthu under them faoin ("faoi"+"an") under the (sg) de (prep ) of, off d' ("de") of, off (before vowel) díom of me díot of you de (prep+pronoun) of him di (from de) of her dínn of us díbh of you (pl) díobh of them den ("de" + "an") of the, off the *** Negatives: "Níl" (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/31/) níl is not (negative of tá ) níl sé he is not (negative of tá sé) nílim I am not nílimid we are not Nílim, ach an bhfuil tú? I am not, but are you? ábalta able (starts with "á") mise (emphatic) I, me (emphatic) nílimse (emphatic) I am not (emphatic) ach nílimse but I am not (contrast) Nach bhfuil sé? Isn't he? níl ionam ach I am only (merely) níl ionainn ach we are only (merely) níl ionaibh ach you are only (pl: merely) An bhfuil sé sean? Tá. Is he old? Yes. An bhfuil sé sean? Níl. Is he old? No. An bhfuil sí ann? Tá. Is she there? Yes. An bhfuil sí ann? Níl. Is she there? No. fuath hatred Is fuath liom I hate *** Genitive 1: Possession, Masculine Nouns (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/32/) an fhir (gen) the man's hata an fhir (gen) the man's hat na bhfear (gen) the men's an mhic (gen) the son's ainm an mhic the son's name na mac (gen) the sons' an chait (gen) the cat's bia an chait the cat's food na gcat (gen) the cats' uisce na gcat the cats' water an mhúinteora (gen) the teacher's bia madra dog food ceann head an mhadra (gen) the dog's ceann an mhadra the dog's head na madraí (gen) the dogs' uisce na madraí the dogs' water Oifig an Phoist the post office *** Genitive 1: Possession, Feminine Nouns (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/33/) bialann restaurant an bhialann the restaurant na bialainne (gen) the restaurant's na mbialann (gen) the restaurants' bia na bialainne the restaurant's food na mná (gen) the woman's teach na mná the woman's house na mban the women's peil na mban women's football scoil school na scoile (gen) the school's leabharlann na scoile the school's library obair scoile school work teach scoile schoolhouse obair na scoileanna the schools' work leabharlann library na leabharlainne (gen) the library's ríomhaire na leabharlainne the library's computer leabhar leabharlainne a library book na leabharlann (gen) the libraries' *** Genitive 1: Other Uses (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/34/) timpeall around ("t") timpeall na scoile around the school os comhair in front of ("os") os comhair na leabharlainne in front of the library ("os") cuid portion airgead money airgid of money mo chuid airgid my share of money bhur gcuid airgid your (pl) share of money níos mó bigger, more níos mó bainne more milk adhmad wood, lumber ("a") adhmaid of wood, wooden ("a") teach adhmaid wooden house *** Comparison (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/35/) níos more (comparative) is (superlative) most (superlative) an madra is salaí the dirtiest dog an madra níos salaí the dirtier dog óg young an páiste níos óige the younger child an páiste is óige the youngest child deas nice níos deise nicer is deise nicest cáiliúil famous an bhean níos cáiliúla the more famous woman an bhean is cáiliúla the most famous woman cróga brave an bhean níos cróga the braver woman an bhean is cróga the bravest woman mór big níos mó bigger, more is mó biggest, most an eilifint níos mó the bigger elephant an eilifint is mó the biggest elephant níos mó airgid more money úrscéal novel níos mó úrscéalta more novels níos lú smaller, less is lú smallest, least níos lú daoine less people ná (comparison) than (comparison) *** Adverbs (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/36/) anois now anseo here ansin then, there riamh ever ("r") áfach however díreach direct, straight fós still, yet ("f") fiú even ("f") arís again eile else, another beagnach almost ("b") uaireanta (adv) sometimes laethúil daily ceachtar either ró- (prefix) too (prefix) ró-bheag too small an- (prefix) very (prefix) an-chliste very clever chomh as ("ch") is féidir it is possible chomh minic agus is féidir as often as possible faoi láthair currently ("faoi") faoi dhó twice ("faoi") de ghnáth usually, normally ("de") d'fhormhór for the most part (d') ar a laghad at least ("ar") i bhfad much (adv.; "i") i ndeireadh na dála finally ("i") ar ais back ("ar") ar fad completely, long ("ar") ar feadh for (the duration of) go mór very much ("go") go fóill yet ("go") go fírinneach really ("go") go luath early ("go") go héasca easily ("go") go háirithe especially ("go") go mall slowly ("go") go soiléir clearly ("go") go cinnte certainly, definitely ("go") go foirfe perfectly ("go") go coitianta in general ("go") go dona badly ("go") go maith good, fine ("go") *** Places (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/37/) óstán hotel seomra room seomra folctha bathroom trá beach tránna beaches cistin kitchen go dtí to, till ("go ...") aerfort airport cathair city cathracha cities sráid street sráideanna streets ollmhargadh supermarket isteach inside, in suíomh site oifig office ceantar area ("c") seoladh address roinn department margadh market foirgneamh building (edifice) páirc park (noun) gairdín garden banc bank (for money) teach tábhairne pub beár bar talamh ground ar an talamh on the ground iarsmalann museum cósta coast stáisiún station cúinne corner ag an gcúinne at the corner bealach way ar an mbealach on the way túr tower caifé (place) café príosún prison príomhchathair capital city siopa shop (noun) siopaí shops (noun) cearnóg square ("c") zú zoo feirm farm tír country na tíortha the countries claí fence *** Objects (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/38/) leaba bed cathaoir chair babhla bowl babhlaí bowls spúnóg spoon spúnóga spoons buidéal bottle irisleabhar magazine fuinneog window fón telephone póca pocket fón póca cell phone, mobile raidió radio ríomhaire computer ríomhairí computers lampa lamp ciseán basket gallúnach soap práta potato prátaí potatoes liathróid ball aoibhinn delightful Is aoibhinn liom an lampa. I love the lamp doras door doirse doors bosca box rásúr razor peann pen ticéad ticket balla wall mála bag roth wheel rothaí wheels amach outside, out díon roof litir letter (mail) litreacha letters (mail) eochair key na heochracha the keys linn snámha swimming pool siosúr scissors gloine glass cupán cup páipéar paper braillín bedsheet braillíní bedsheets píosa piece inneall engine meaisín machine carr car ("c") carranna cars gluaisteán automobile ("g") brat flag púdar powder cíor comb úrscéal novel úrscéalta novels teilifís television taos paste, dough taos fiacla toothpaste scuab brush scuab fiacla toothbrush forc fork scian knife fáinne ring scáthán mirror *** Prepositions 3: idir, do, um (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/39/) idir between, both (prep) eadrainn between us eadraibh between you (pl.) eatarthu between them do (prep) to ("d") (prep) dom to me duit to you dó to him di (from do) to her dúinn to us dóibh to them um around, about (prep) umam around me umat around you uime around him uimpi around her umainn around us umaibh around you (pl) umpu around them um an around the *** Prepositions 3: tri, thar, os (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/40/) trí through (prep) tríom through me tríot through you tríd (prep+pronoun) through him tríthi through her trínn through us tríbh through you (pl) tríothu through them tríd an through the thar over, past (prep) tharam over me tharat over you thairis over him thairsti over her tharainn over us tharaibh over you (pl) tharstu over them thar an over the thart finished (adverbial form used as adjective) taobh side (noun) thiar west, back (adjective) taobh thiar behind ("west/back side") taobh thiar dom behind me os cionn above ("over head") atá (a + tá) that is (a + tá) *** People (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/41/) leanbh baby duine a person daoine people na daoine óga the young people cara friend an pobal the public namhaid enemy naimhde enemies coiste commitee cultúr culture club club féin self sráidbhaile village ("s") patrún role model, pattern bantiarna lady saoránach citizen gasúr youngster, boy ("g") girseach youngster, girl ("g") déagóir teenager *** Passive (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/42/) dúntar is closed fágtar is left (remains) tugtar is given déantar is done óltar is drunk scríobhtar is written itear is eaten cuirtear is put feictear is seen imrítear is played foghlaimítear is learned labhraítear is spoken deirtear is said cloistear is heard bristear is broken téitear one goes tagtar one comes *** Language (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/43/) teanga language, tongue agallamh interview litrigh spell (root) litrím I spell litríonn tú you spell focal word focail words treoracha instructions as Gaeilge in Irish an Ghaeilge the Irish language comhrá conversation foclóir dictionary tuairisc report treoir guidance teideal title dearcadh viewpoint dearcthaí viewpoints comhartha sign teanga chomharthaíochta sign language *** Travel (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/44/) bus bus tacsaí taxi rothar bicycle rothair bicycles roth wheel rothaí wheels taistil travel (root) taistealaíonn tú you travel eitleán airplane gluaisrothar motorcycle bád boat an stáisiún meitreo the metro station léarscáil map tír country Spáinneach Spaniard Spáinnis Spanish (language) an Spáinn Spain bóthar road mótarbhealach highway, motorway aistear journey traein train droichead bridge Iodálach an Italian Iodáilis Italian (language) an Iodáil Italy Francach a French person Fraincis French (language) an Fhrainc France eachtra adventure, event Gearmánach a German (person) Gearmáinis German (language) an Ghearmáin Germany turasóir tourist Meiriceá America Meiriceánach an American (person) Sasana England Sasanach an English person pas passport euro euro an Eoraip Europe an Punt Éireannach the Irish pound thar lear abroad casaim I turn timpeall around ("t") *** Numbers, Disjunctive (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/45/) uimhir number maoluimhreacha disjunctive numbers a náid zero (disjunctive) a haon one (disjunctive) a dó two (disjunctive) a trí three (disjunctive) a ceathair four (disjunctive) a cúig five (disjunctive) a sé six (disjunctive) a seacht seven (disjunctive) a hocht eight (disjunctive) a naoi nine (disjunctive) a deich ten (disjunctive) a haon déag 11 (disjunctive) a dó dhéag 12 (disjunctive) a trí déag 13 (disjunctive) a ceathair déag 14 (disjunctive) a cúig déag 15 (disjunctive) a sé déag 16 (disjunctive) a seacht déag 17 (disjunctive) a hocht déag 18 (disjunctive) a naoi déag 19 (disjunctive) fiche 20 (disjunctive) fiche a haon 21 (disjunctive) fiche a dó 22 (disjunctive) tríocha 30 (disjunctive) daichead 40 (disjunctive) caoga 50 (disjunctive) seasca 60 (disjunctive) seachtó 70 (disjunctive) ochtó 80 (disjunctive) nócha 90 (disjunctive) céad hundred (disjunctive) míle thousand (disjunctive) milliún million (disjunctive) *** Numbers, General Conjunctive (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/46/) bunuimhreacha general conjunctive numbers aon (number) one (general conjuctive) amháin only aon chapall amháin one single horse ("one" emphasized) dhá (number) two (general conjuctive) dhá mhadra two dogs trí chileagram three kilograms ceithre chat four cats cúig leabhar five books sé chat six cats seacht lá seven days naoi n-úll nine apples deich madra ten dogs aon chat déag 11 cats aon sheomra dhéag 11 rooms dhá chat déag 12 cats dhá sheomra dhéag 12 rooms trí bhád déag 13 boats ocht mbosca dhéag 18 boxes fiche cat 20 cats cat is fiche 21 cats dhá chapall is fiche 22 horses naoi mbosca is fiche 29 boxes ceann head aon cheann amháin one single thing ("one" emphasized) dhá cheann two things trí cinn three things ceithre cinn four things cúig cinn five things sé cinn six things seacht gcinn seven things ocht gcinn eight things naoi gcinn nine things deich gcinn ten things fiche ceann 20 things tríocha ceann 30 things daichead ceann 40 things céad ceann 100 things ceithre bliana four years ceithre troithe four feet seacht seachtaine is fiche 27 weeks céad míle fáilte a hundred thousand welcomes *** Numbers, Human Conjunctive (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/47/) uimhreacha pearsanta human conjunctive numbers duine a person aon duine amháin one single person (one emphasized) beirt two people, twosome beirt chailíní two girls ("a twosome of girls") triúr three people, threesome triúr cailíní three girls ("a threesome of girls") ceathrar four people cúigear five people seisear six people seachtar seven people ochtar eight people naonúr nine people deichniúr ten people aon duine dhéag 11 people aon fhear déag 11 men dháréag 12 people dháréag naimhde 12 enemies trí dhuine dhéag 13 people ceithre dhuine dhéag 14 people cúig dhuine dhéag 15 people sé dhuine dhéag 16 people seacht nduine dhéag 17 people ocht nduine dhéag 18 people naoi nduine dhéag 19 people fiche duine 20 people duine is fiche 21 people dhá dhuine is fiche 22 people trí dhuine is fiche 23 people ceithre dhuine is fiche 24 people cúig dhuine is fiche 25 people sé dhuine is fiche 26 people seacht nduine is fiche 27 people ocht nduine is fiche 28 people naoi nduine is fiche 29 people tríocha duine 30 people daichead duine 40 people caoga duine 50 people seasca duine 60 people seachtó duine 70 people ochtó duine 80 people nócha duine 90 people céad duine 100 people *** Numbers, Ordinals [extra] (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/48/) céad (ordinal) first dara second tríú third ceathrú (ordinal) fourth cúigiú fifth séú sixth seachtú seventh ochtú eighth naoú ninth deichiú tenth fichiú 20th tríochadú 30th daicheadú 40th caogadú 50th seascadú 60th seachtódú 70th ochtódú 80th nóchadú 90th céadú 100th míliú 1000th an chéad bhád the first boat an dara háit the second place an tríú bád the third boat an ceathrú bád the fourth boat an t-ochtú bád the eighth boat an t-aonú bád déag the eleventh boat an dara bád déag the twelfth boat an tríú bád déag the 13th boat an seachtú bád déag the 17th boat an t-aonú bád is fiche the 21st boat an t-ochtódú madra the 80th dog 1d 1st 2a 2nd 3ú 3rd *** Numbers, Telling Time [extra] (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/49/) meán lae noon, midday meán oíche midnight Is meán lae é. It's noon. Is meán oíche é. It’s midnight. a chlog o’clock Cén t-am é? What time is it? Tá sé a haon a chlog. It’s one o’clock. Tá sé a dó a chlog. It’s two o’clock. Tá sé a trí a chlog. It’s three o’clock. Tá sé a ceathair a chlog. It’s four o’clock. Tá sé a cúig a chlog. It’s five o’clock. Tá sé a sé a chlog. It’s six o’clock. Tá sé a seacht a chlog. It’s seven o’clock. Tá sé a hocht a chlog. It’s eight o’clock. Tá sé a naoi a chlog. It’s nine o’clock. Tá sé a deich a chlog. It’s ten o’clock. Tá sé a haon déag a chlog. It’s eleven o’clock. Tá sé a dó dhéag a chlog. It’s twelve o’clock. ar maidin in the morning um thráthnóna in the evening a seacht a chlog ar maidin seven in the morning a cúig a chlog um thráthnóna five in the evening chun (telling time) till (telling time; "c") go dtí to, till ("go ...") tar éis (telling time) past (telling time; "t") i ndiaidh after ("i ...") a cúig chun a seacht five till seven ("chun") a cúig i ndiaidh a haon five past one ("i ndiaidh") ceathrú (fraction) quarter ceathrú chun quarter till ("chun") ceathrú go dtí quarter till ("go dtí") ceathrú tar éis quarter past ("tar éis") ceathrú i ndiaidh quarter past ("i ndiaidh") ceathrú chun a ceathair quarter till four ("chun") ceathrú go dtí a sé quarter till six ("go dtí") ceathrú tar éis a ceathair quarter past four ("tar éis") leath half leathuair half hour leath i ndiaidh half past ("leath") leathuair tar éis half past ("leathuair") leathuair tar éis a ceathair half past four ("tar éis") leath i ndiaidh a hocht half past eight ("i ndiaidh") ceathrú i ndiaidh a seacht quarter past seven ("i ndiaidh") *** Numbers, Enough! (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/50/) leor enough, lots of (adjective; "L") Is leor sin! That is enough! (leor) go leor enough, lots of (w/ adverbial particle "go") An bhfuil go leor agat? Do you have enough? (go leor) go leor airgid lots of money (go leor) mór go leor biggish (go leor) maith go leor acceptable (go leor) Ceart go leor! Okay! (go leor) dóthain enough (noun: sufficiency, sufficient quantity; "d") An bhfuil a dhóthain aige? Does he have enough? (dóthain) An bhfuil a dóthain aici? Does she have enough? (dóthain) An bhfuil ár ndóthain againn? Do we have enough? (dóthain) formhór majority, greater part (noun: "f") d'fhormhór for the most part (d') an formhór mór acu the vast majority of them (acu) a lán a lot (a ...) a lán daoine a lot of people (a ...) roinnt some (unspecified quantity of: "r") roinnt daoine some people (unspecified quantity of) meánmhéid average amount *** Feelings and Traits (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/51/) ocras hunger Tá ocras orm. I am hungry díograiseach conscientious macánta honest mímhacánta dishonest feargach angry leisciúil lazy tart thirst sásta pleased álainn beautiful díomá disappointment sceitimíní excitement éad jealousy greannmhar funny cliste clever ádh luck buíoch grateful *** Verbs: Present 3 - 1stConj (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/52/) lean (root) follow (root) leanann sé he follows leanaimid we follow póg (root) kiss (root) pógann tú you kiss líon (root) fill (root) líonaim I fill measc (root) mix (root) meascann sé he mixes bronn (root) present (root) bronnaimid we present bronntar is presented scar (root) separate (root) scartar is separated riar (root) serve (root) riartar is served stad (root) stop (root) stadann sí she stops leag (root) set, knock down (root) leagtar is set can (root) sing (root) canaim I sing seachaid (root) deliver (root) seachadann siad they deliver seachadtar is delivered bácáil (root) bake (root) bácálann sí she bakes páirceáil (root) park (root) páirceálann sé he parks iompórtáil (root) import (root) iompórtálaim I import creid (root) believe (root) creidim I believe creideann tú you believe tit (root) fall (root) titeann sí she falls bain (root) take out, harvest (root) baineann sí she takes out táirg (root) produce (root) táirgtear is produced comhair (root) count (root) comhaireann siad they count pléigh (root) discuss (root) ní phléann sé he does not discuss triail (root) test, try out (root) triaileann sí she tests lig (root) permit (root) ligeann tú you permit fios knowledge ("f") goid (root) steal (root) goideann sí she steals *** Verbs: Present 3 - 2ndConj / Present Habitual (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/53/) freastail (root) attend (root) freastalaím I attend freastalaíonn siad they attend mothaigh (root) feel (root) an mothaíonn siad? do they feel? roghnaigh (root) choose (root) roghnaíonn tú you choose gortaigh (root) hurt (root) gortaíonn sé he hurts bagair (root) threaten (root) bagraíonn sé he threatens fógair (root) announce (root) fógraíonn sí she announces cruthaigh (root) create (root) cruthaíonn tú you create cuardaigh (root) search (root) cuardaíonn sí she searches tosaigh (root) start (root) tosaíonn tú you start triomaigh (root) dry (root) triomaíonn sí she dries ullmhaigh (root) prepare (root; "u") ullmhaíonn tú you prepare ("u") aontaigh (root) unite, agree (root) aontaím I agree cuimhnigh (root) remember (root) cuimhním I remember cuimhníonn siad they remember an gcuimhníonn tú? do you remember? éiligh (root) demand (root) éilíonn tú you demand mínigh (root) explain (root) míníonn tú you explain ceistigh (root) question (root) ceistíonn sí she questions aithin (root) recognise (root) aithníonn sé he recognizes aimsigh (root) find (root) aimsítear is found eitil (root) fly (root) eitlíonn sé he flies sínigh (root) sign (root) síníonn sí she signs doiciméad document áirithe certainty in áirithe reserved bím I am (habitual) bíonn sí she is (habitual) *** Education (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/54/) oideachas education smaoineamh idea eolas knowledge ("e") matamaitic mathematics stair history scrúdú examination scrúduithe deiridh final examinations cúrsa course a lán a lot (a ...) léachtóir lecturer sampla example mar shampla for example staidéar studying (noun) nóta note nótaí notes leabhar nótaí notebook caibidil chapter leathanach page abairt sentence focal word focail words léacht lecture scoil school institiúid institute coláiste college ollscoil university ollamh professor rang class luaidhe lead (the element) peann luaidhe pencil suim interest, regard (not "spéis") spéis interest, fondness (not "suim") foghlaim (root) learn (root) deacracht difficulty míniú explanation traenáil (VN) training (VN) múineadh (VN) teaching (VN) tumoideachas immersion education sroich (root) attain, reach (root) shroich mé I attained (an objective) shroicheamar we attained (an objective) *** Verbs: Past 1 - 1stConj (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/55/) cas (root) turn (root) chas mé I turned chasamar we turned dún (root) close (root) dhún mé I closed dúnadh was closed ar dhún mé? did I close? ól (root) drink (root) d'ól tú you drank tóg (root) take, build, lift (root) thóg sé he took féach (root) look (root) d’fhéachamar we looked ceap (root) think (root) cheap mé I thought stad (root) stop (root) stad sé he stopped coimeád (root) keep (root) choimeád mé I kept fan (root) stay (root) d'fhan mé I stayed buaigh (root) win (root) bhuaigh mé I won bhuamar we won glaoigh (root) call (root) ghlaoigh sé he called rith (root) run (root) ritheamar we ran éist (root) listen (root) d'éist sé he listened ar éist mé? did I listen? níor éist sé he didn't listen úsáid (root) use (root) d'úsáid sé he used cuir (root) put (root) chuireamar we put (past tense) caill (root) lose (root) chailleamar we lost d'fhill sí she returned fill (root) return (root) buail (root) hit, meet (root) bhuaileamar we hit (past tense) tit (root) fall (root) thit sé he fell bris (root) break (root) bhriseamar we broke siúil (root) walk (root) shiúil mé I walked shiúlamar we walked pléigh (root) discuss (root) phléigh siad they discussed phléamar we discussed gur (conj) that (conj) *** Verbs: Past 1 - 2ndConj (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/56/) ceannaigh (root) buy (root) cheannaigh siad they bought ar cheannaigh tú? did you buy? mothaigh (root) feel (root) mhothaigh sé he felt níor mhothaigh sé he didn't feel nár mhothaigh sé? didn't he feel? críochnaigh (root) finish (root) chríochnaigh sí she finished ar chríochnaigh sí? did she finish? tosaigh (root) start (root) thosaigh sé he started nár thosaigh sé? didn't he start? oscail (root) open (root) d'oscail mé I opened freagair (root) answer (root) d'fhreagair sí she answered labhair (root) speak (root: "L") labhair mé I spoke ("L") labhraíomar we spoke ("L") mínigh (root) explain (root) mhínigh sí she explained mhíníomar we explained imigh (root) go away (root; "i") d'imigh sé he went away ("i") tarlaigh (root) happen (root) tharla sé it happened abhaile homeward, at home cheana already ("c") anuraidh last year aréir last night le déanaí recently níos déanaí later *** Verbs: Past 1 Irregular (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/57/) abair (root) say (root) dúirt sí she said an ndúirt tú? did you say? bí (root) be (root) bhí sé he was bhíomar we were (from "bí) bhíothas one was (from "bí) an raibh tú? were you? (from "bí) déan (root) do, make (root) rinne sí she did an ndearna tú? did you do? faigh (root) get (root) fuair mé I got fuaireamar we got fuarthas was gotten an bhfuair tú? did you get? feic (root) see (root) chonaic sí she saw chonaiceamar we saw chonacthas was seen an bhfaca sí? did she see? téigh (root) go (root) chuaigh sé he went chuamar we went an ndeachaigh sí did she go? beir (root) catch, bear (root) rug sí she caught níor rug sé he didn't catch clois (root) hear (root) chuala sé he heard chualamar we heard nár chuala sé? didn’t he hear? ith (root) eat (root) d'ith siad they ate tabhair (root) give (root) thug sí she gave tugadh was given nár thug sí? didn't she give? tar (root) come (root) thángamar we came ar thángamar? did we come? *** Measure (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/58/) ceintiméadar centimeter ar fad completely, long ("ar") gram a gram (unit of measure) graim grams (unit of measure) cileagram kilogram lítear liter méadar meter ciliméadar kilometer troigh foot (unit of measure) troithe feet (unit of measure) méid amount ("m") domhain deep (adjective) meáigh weigh (root) beagán a little beagán ar bheagán little by little iomlán full (whole, entire) an praghas iomlán the full price péire a pair *** The World (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/59/) domhan world príomhchathair capital city Londain London Páras Paris Béal Feirste Belfast Amstardam Amsterdam Moscó Moscow daonra population Nua-Eabhrac New York Albain Scotland An Afraic Theas South Africa An Airgintín Argentina An Astráil Australia An Bhrasaíl Brazil An Éigipt Egypt An Fhrainc France An India India An Iodáil Italy An Ísiltír the Netherlands An Phortaingéil Portugal An Ghearmáin Germany An Nua-shéalainne New Zealand An Pholainn Poland An Rúis Russia an Spáinn Spain An tSín China An tSualainn Sweden An Tuirc Turkey An Ungáir Hungary Ceanada Canada na Stáit Aontaithe the United States Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá United States of America An Afraic Africa An Áise Asia Meiriceá Theas South America labhraítear is spoken Araibis Arabic (language) Gearmáinis German (language) Ollainnis Dutch (language) Polainnis Polish (language) Rúisis Russian (language) fásach desert *** Characteristics (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/60/) gearr short (trimmed) gruaig hair gruaig rua red hair fionn blond fada long catach curly daite dyed ard high, loud ar airde in height (measure of how tall) súil eye súile eyes meabhair mind (noun: "m") as do mheabhair out of your mind ramhar fat tanaí thin dathúil good-looking álainn beautiful gránna ugly comhfhiosach conscious féin-chomhfhiosach self-conscious cosúil like, similar to *** Verbs: Past 2 - 1stConj (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/61/) snámh (root) swim (root) shnámh mé I swam ceap (root) think (root) cheap mé I thought ar cheap mé? did I think? lean (root) follow (root) leanamar we followed fás (root) grow (root) d'fhás sí she grew glan (root) clean (root) ghlanamar we cleaned can (root) sing (root) chan sé he sang canadh was sung léigh (root) read (root) léigh siad they read (past tense) léamar we read (past tense) goid (root) steal (root) ghoid mé I stole caith (root) wear, throw (root) chaith sé he threw, he wore caitheadh was thrown, was worn tuill (root) earn (root) thuill sé he earned tuilleadh was earned *** Verbs: Past 2 - 2ndConj (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/62/) fiafraigh (root) ask, enquire ("f"; root) d'fhiafraigh tú you asked ("f") aontaigh (root) unite, agree (root) d'aontaigh sé he united, he agreed ullmhaigh (root) prepare (root; "u") d’ullmhaigh sí she prepared sínigh (root) sign (root) shínigh mé I signed inis (root) tell (root) d'inis sé he told níor inis siad they didn't tell ceistigh (root) question (root) cheistigh mé I questioned oibrigh (root) work (root) d'oibrigh sí she worked cuimhnigh (root) remember (root) chuimhnigh tú you remembered taitin (root) shine (root) thaitin sí she shone thaitníomar we shone ceannaigh (root) buy (root) cheannaigh siad they bought ar cheannaigh siad? did they buy? *** Verbs: Past 2 - Copula (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/63/) ba was (past copula/conditional) Ba dhochtúir í. She was a doctor Níor dhochtúir é. He was not a doctor Ar dhochtúir é? Was he a doctor? B'ealaíontóir é He was an artist. Arbh aisteoir í? Was she an actor? Cad ba mhaith leat? What would you like? *** Abstract Objects 1 (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/64/) grá love radharc view (vista) seirbhís service liosta list (noun) córas system ceart correct Ceart go leor! Okay! (go leor) grúpa group (noun) ordú order (a command) cineál type, kind (noun) cás case, suitcase eisceacht exception ball member smacht control (noun) glaoch call (noun) próifíl profile (noun) leibhéal level (noun) íomhá image (noun) catagóir category (noun) trealamh equipment acht act (a decree) cuntas account (bank) fadhb problem taispeántas performance rogha choice (option) gníomhaíocht activity eagrán edition comhaontú agreement réiteach solution cosaint (VN) protection (VN) tógáil (VN) construction, lifting (VN) seal turn (noun: "opportunity coming in sequence") argóint argument brionglóid dream (noun) deis (noun: "o") opportunity dóchas hope (noun) intinn mind (noun: "i") meabhair mind (noun: "m") as do mheabhair out of your mind iontráil entry tionchar influence (noun) achainí wish (noun) iarratas application (formal request) céim degree guth voice (noun) fianaise evidence (proof) ábhar subject (topic) ról role cuspóir purpose (noun) grád grade (mark in school) tús beginning táille charge (fee) caighdeán standard (noun) sos break (rest break) tabhairt isteach introduction (of new something new) cuir in aithne introduction (socially) dorchadas darkness taifead record (document) imeall edge (border) gradam award (noun) bás death dualgas duty *** Weather (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/65/) aimsir weather droch-aimsir bad weather réamhaisnéis forecast réamhaisnéis na haimsire weather forecast báisteach rain ("b"; nominative) báistí rain's ("b"; genitive) fearthainn rain ("f"; nominative) fearthainne rain's (“f”; genitive) séid (root) blow (root) gaoth wind (noun) Séideann gaoth fhuar. A cold wind blows. Tá sé gaofar. It is windy. grian sun te hot ró-the too hot teas heat (noun) fuar cold (adj) fuacht cold (noun) spéir sky scamall cloud scamaill clouds scamallach cloudy réalta star réaltaí stars sneachta snow griandó sunburn tornádó tornado teocht temperature (degree of heat) *** Comm/Tech (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/66/) seol (root) send (root) seolann sé he sends clúdach covering (noun) clúdaigh coverings stampa stamp (noun) stampaí stamps (noun) ríomhphost email (noun) teachtaireacht message idirlíon internet an t-idirlíon the internet líonra network (noun) íoslódáil (root) download (root) córas oibriúcháin operating system glúin knee ríomhaire glúine laptop computer cumarsáid communication teicneolaíocht technology suíomh gréasáin website sonraí data méarchlár keyboard feidhmchlár application (computer app) clóscríobh (VN) typing (VN) fógra notice (noun) cianrialtán remote control bille bill (invoice) cadhnra battery cadhnraí batteries pasfhocal password dearmad forgetfulness téacsáil (VN) texting (VN) roghchlár menu (computer) ceisteanna coitianta FAQ (frequently asked questions) *** Nature (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/67/) bláth flower bláthanna flowers féar grass farraige sea gealach moon cnoc hill cnoic hills crann tree barr top, crop (noun) síol seed (noun) síolta seeds (noun) coill woods ("c": sg) coillte woods ("c"; pl) adhmad wood, lumber ("a") réaltbhuíon constellation bolcán volcano gort field (noun) claí fence bogha báistí rainbow tuath countryside triomach drought an dúlra nature (the natural world) abhainn river cré clay sliabh mountain sléibhte mountains foraois forest ("f") rós rose (noun) pláinéad planet tonn wave (noun) tonnta waves gaineamh sand (noun) aeráid climate cruinne universe duilleog leaf tírdhreach landscape (noun) deatach smoke (noun) planda plant (noun) uaimh cave (noun) gás gas (e.g., oxygen) solas light (noun) oighear ice (in a beverage) leac oighir ice (sheet of ice) aer air (noun) *** Adjectives 2 (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/68/) dochreidte incredible ollmhór huge gránna ugly stairiúil historical cúthail shy (adj) simplí simple láidir strong ("L") crua hard úsáideach useful milis sweet (adjective) úr fresh lofa rotten saor free (from bondage) saor in aisce free (of charge) éasca easy bocht poor saibhir rich neirbhíseach nervous *** Verbal Nouns (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/69/) dul (VN) going (VN) téamh (VN) heating (VN) ithe (VN) eating (VN) ceannach (VN) buying (VN) léamh (VN) reading (VN) dúnadh (VN) closing (VN) fáil (VN) getting (VN) díol (VN) selling (VN) labhairt (VN) speaking (VN: "L") caitheamh (VN) wearing, smoking (VN) tobac tobacco gá necessity, need ("g") bheith (VN) being (VN) siúl (VN) walking (VN) freagairt (VN) answering (VN) íoc (VN) paying (VN) feiceáil (VN) seeing (VN) baint (VN) taking out, harvesting (VN) taitneamh (VN) enjoyment (VN) taitnimh (VN: gen) of enjoyment (VN: genitive) oscailt (VN) opening (VN) imirt (VN) playing (VN) cloisteáil (VN) hearing (VN: "c") éisteacht (VN) listening (VN: "é”) fanacht (VN) staying, waiting (VN) úsáid (VN) using (VN) rá (VN) saying (VN: "r") déanamh (VN) doing, making (VN) tabhairt (VN) giving (VN) teacht (VN) arrival (VN) obair work ceapadh (VN) thinking (VN) filleadh (VN) returning (VN) glaoch (VN) calling (VN: "g") cur (VN) planting (VN) fágáil (VN) leaving (VN: "f”) tarlú (VN) happening (VN) tuiscint (VN) understanding (VN) tiomáint (VN) driving (VN) imeacht (VN) going away (VN: "i") sábháil (VN) saving (VN) glanadh (VN) cleaning (VN) cailleadh (VN) losing (VN) béiceadh (VN) shouting (VN) éirí (VN) rising (VN: "é") foghlaim (VN) learning (VN) triomú (VN) drying (VN) athrú (VN) changing (VN) gortú (VN) injuring (VN) ionsaí (VN) attacking (VN) cleachtadh (VN) practicing (VN: "c") aistriú (VN) removal, transfer (VN) plé (VN) discussion (VN) tógáil (VN) construction, lifting (VN) *** Prepositions with Possessive Pronoun (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/70/) do mo to my do do to your dá (do+a) to his (her, their, its) dár (do+ár) to our (do+ár) do bhur to your (pl) de mo of my de do of your dár (de+ár) of our (de+ár) de bhur of your (pl) dá (de+a) of his (her, their, its) faoina under his (her, their, its) faoinár under our lena (le+a) with his (her, their, its) lenár (le+ár) with our óna (ó+a) from his (her, their) ónár from our trína (trí+a) through his (her, their, its) trínár through our ina in his (her, their, its) inár in our *** Verbal Nouns, Used as Progressive [extra] (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/71/) Táim ag ithe. I am eating Táim ag ithe úill. I am eating an apple. Táim ag freagairt. I am answering. Táim ag freagairt dó. I am answering him. Táim ag baint taitnimh as. I am enjoying it. Táim á ghlaoch. I am calling him Táim á léamh. I am reading it. Tá sé á ithe. He is eating it. Tá sé á n-ithe He is eating them Tá an leabhar á léamh. The book is being read. Tá an leabhar á léamh agam. The book is being read by me. Tá Gaeilge á labhairt. Irish is being spoken. Tá Gaeilge á labhairt agam. Irish is being spoken by me. Tá mo theach á thógáil My house is being built plé (VN) discussion (VN) Tá siad do mo phlé. They are discussing me. Tá siad do do phlé. They are discussing you. Tá siad á phlé. They are discussing him. Tá siad á plé. They are discussing her. dár (do+ár) to our (do+ár) Tá siad dár bplé. They are discussing us. Tá siad do bhur bplé. They are discussing you. (pl) Tá siad á bplé. They are discussing them. Níl siad do mo phlé. They are not discussing me. Tá sé do m'athrú He is changing me Tá sé do d'athrú He is changing you. Tá sé á hathrú He is changing her Tá sé do bhur n-athrú He is changing you (pl) Nílim ag ceapadh é sin. I am not thinking that Bhí sé do m'ionsaí He was attacking me. Bhí sé do do ghortú He was injuring you. Bhí sé á hionsaí He was attacking her. Bhí sé do bhur ngortú He was injuring you (pl) Bhí an siopa á dhúnadh. The shop was closing. Bhí sé á n-ionsaí. He was attacking them. *** Verbal Nouns, Used as Infinitive [extra] (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/72/) Is maith liom uisce. I like water. Is maith liom uisce a ól. I like to drink water. Tá sé in am. It is time. Tá sé in am éirí. It is time to get up. Tá áthas orm. I am happy. tá áthas orm a thabhairt I am happy to give. Tá áthas orm an leabhar a thabhairt. I am happy to give the book. Tá áthas orm an leabhar a thabhairt do Mháire. I am happy to give the book to Máire. tá sí ábalta she is able to (ábalta) Tá sí ábalta carr a thiomáint. She is able to drive a car. (ábalta) Tá áthas orm siúl. I am happy to walk. Tá áthas orm siúl le Máire. I am happy to walk with Máire. Níl áthas orm siúl. I am not happy to walk. Tá áthas orm gan siúl. I am happy not to walk. ní féidir liom I cannot (féidir) Ní féidir liom a thuiscint. I cannot understand. (féidir) Ní féidir liom é a thuiscint. I cannot understand him. (féidir) in ann able ("in ...") Nílim in ann é sin a fháil. I am not able to get that. ("in ann") gá necessity, need ("g") Is gá bheith luath. It is necessary to be early. (gá) Is gá dom bheith luath. It is necessary for me to be early. (gá) Tá orm imeacht. I have to go away. ("on me to..."; use VN "imeacht") Tá ort dul ann. You have to go there. ("on you to..."; use VN "dul") Ní mór dom íoc. I have to pay. (Ní mór...) Tá sé ag iarraidh a tiomáint. He is trying to drive. *** Verbal Nouns, Other Uses [extra] (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/73/) Tá sí ina codladh. She is sleeping. Tá sibh in bhur gcodladh. You are sleeping. (pl) Tá mé i mo chónaí i mBéal Feirste. I am living in Belfast. Tá sé ina chónaí i mBéal Feirste. He is living in Belfast. Tá obair le déanamh. There is work to be done. Tá obair le déanamh agam. I have work to do. Céard atá ar siúl? What is going on? Tá sí ag dul ag foghlaim Gaeilge. She is going to learn Irish. ("ag dul") Tá sé chun carr nua a cheannach. He's going to buy a new car. ("chun") Táim ag ceapadh go bhfuil sé go dona. I am thinking that it is bad. Cheap mé gur chuala mé duine ag béiceadh. I thought that I heard a person shouting. Tá an balla seo gan phéinteáil. This wall is not painted. *** Ireland 2 (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/74/) cruit harp seamróg shamrock seamróga shamrocks fomhuireán submarine gorta famine sinsear ancestor fia rua red deer cú hound cú faoil Irish wolfhound grúdlann brewery cairdiúil friendly Luimneach Limerick ceilteach Celtic féile festival Lá Fhéile Pádraig Saint Patrick’s Day Cluiche Ceannais na hÉireann All-Ireland Final Gaeltacht Irish-speaking area móin turf Páirc an Chrócaigh Croke Park leipreachán leprechaun bairín breac barmbrack (currant cake) beatha life ("b") uisce beatha whiskey Éirinn go Brách Ireland Forever *** Abstract Objects 2 (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/75/) coinneal candle leictreachas electricity reiligiún religion aird attention comórtas competition teastas certificate saol life (“s”) ualach load (noun) cead permission creideamh belief ("c") fírinne truth carachtar character (trait, nature) rún secret (noun) tromluí nightmare damáiste damage (noun) tír country treo direction (path, bearing) aidhm aim (noun) iompar behavior síniú signature líne line arm army ciorcal circle (noun) triantán triangle bríce brick ionad place, position (noun; starts with "i") taithí experience (noun) cruth shape (noun) ceangal connection eagla fear (noun) dabht doubt (noun) greann humor (noun) deoir tear (teardrop) gáire laugh (noun) féidearthacht possibility fonn desire (noun) pléisiúr pleasure spás space iarmhairt consequence ionadh surprise, wonder (noun) traidisiún tradition faisean fashion (noun) gar favor (noun) frása phrase (noun) locht blame (noun) dúnmharú murder (noun) meon attitude botún mistake (noun) meangadh smile (noun) aghaidh face (noun) spraoi fun cuimhne memory (noun) scáth shadow (noun) fuaim sound (noun) *** Pronouns Reflexive (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/76/) mé féin myself tú féin yourself é féin himself í féin herself sinn féin ourselves ("s") muid féin ourselves ("m") sibh féin yourselves iad féin themselves *** Directions, NSEW (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/77/) an lár the center Tuaisceart North (point of compass) Tuaisceart Éireann Northern Ireland thuaidh north (adjective) Meiriceá Thuaidh North America ó thuaidh to the north (going to) aduaidh from the north (coming from) Deisceart South (point of compass) theas south (adjective) Meiriceá Theas South America ó dheas to the south (going to) aneas from the south (coming from) Oirthear East (point of compass) thoir east (adjective) Tíomór Thoir East Timor soir to the east (going to) anoir from the east (coming from) Iarthar West (point of compass) thiar west, back (adjective) siar to the west (going to) aniar from the west (coming from) thoir theas southeast (adjective) thiar theas southwest (adjective) thoir thuaidh northeast (adjective) thiar thuaidh northwest (adjective) *** Directions, To and Fro; Left and Right (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/78/) thuas up (stationary above the speaker) thíos down (stationary below the speaker) anuas down (towards the speaker) aníos up (towards speaker) suas up (away from speaker) síos down (away from speaker) thall over, beyond (stationary) anonn to the other side (going to) anall from the other side (coming from) sall over, to the far side (going to) bun bottom barr top, crop (noun) deis (direction) right (direction) clé (direction) left (direction) *** Sport (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/79/) sliotar hurling ball camán hurling stick siúlóid walk (noun) spórt sport (noun) corn trophy imreoir player cosán path (“c”) tóir popularity cúl goal (sports) pointe point (sports) bonn medal cluiche game Cluichí Oilimpeacha Olympic Games Cluiche Ceannais na hÉireann All-Ireland Final peil football (game) cispheil basketball (game) peileadóir footballer traenálaí trainer aclaíocht exercise (workout) réiteoir referee eitpheil volleyball (game) rugbaí rugby sacar soccer maratón marathon giomnáisiam gym halla hall staid stadium lucht leanúna supporters (fans) cúl báire goalkeeper léim (root) jump (root) léim sí she jumped léimeamar we jumped scóráil (root) score (root) scóráil siad they scored ciceáil (root) kick (root) chiceáil siad they kicked rug tú you caught (beir) *** Arts (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/80/) fidil fiddle (noun) veidhlín violin ceol music ceoltóir musician ceamara camera grianghraf photograph pictiúr picture scannán film ealaín art stíl style amhrán song grianghrafadóireacht photography féinín selfie bainseó banjo pianó piano seisiún session uirlis instrument (musical) litríocht literature amharclann theater filíocht poetry filíocht agus prós poetry and prose ceolchoirm concert dráma play (stageplay) mainicín model (fashion) bailiúchán collection banna band (musical group) dánlann gallery stiúideo studio clár show láithreoir presenter léirmheas review (noun: critical review) péint paint (noun) seinn (root) play (root; music) seinnim I play (music) seinneann sí she plays (music) sheinn sí she played (instrument) péinteáil (root) paint (root) phéinteáil tú you painted *** Medical (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/81/) leigheas medicine (art of healing) sláinte health aiste bia diet (food plan) breoite sick (“b”) othar patient (noun) coinne appointment cabhair help (noun) aire care (noun: "a") altra nurse (noun) éigeandáil emergency timpiste accident fiaclóir dentist tinn sore, ill (adjective) tinneas soreness, pain ("t") fiacail tooth tinneas fiacaile toothache pian pain ("p") bail condition (medical) galar disease víreas virus otharcharr ambulance ospidéal hospital cóireáil (noun) treatment (medical) druga drug (noun) obráid operation (surgical) amharc vision (eyesight) lámh hand, arm croí heart corp body cos foot (anatomy) inchinn brain craiceann skin (noun) ailse cancer ailse chraicinn skin cancer fuil blood ag cur fola bleeding béal mouth beola lips muineál neck cluas ear teanga language, tongue méar finger (noun) srón nose (noun) cliabhrach chest (anatomy) droim back (anatomy) *** Verbs: Future 1 - 1stConj (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/82/) fan (root) stay (root) fanfaidh sé he will stay fanfaimid amárach we will stay tomorrow díol (root) sell (root) díolfaidh mé I will sell fág (root) leave (root; "f") fágfaidh mé I will leave ("f") an bhfágfaidh sé? will he leave? ("f") glan (root) clean (root) glanfaidh mé I will clean bronn (root) present (root) bronnfar will be presented riar (root) serve (root) an riarfaidh siad? will they serve? can (root) sing (root) canfaidh sí she will sing ní chanfaidh mé I will not sing ól (root) drink (root) ólfaimid we will drink íoc (root) pay (root) ní íocfaidh mé I will not pay lean (root) follow (root) ní leanfaidh sé he will not follow glaoigh (root) call (root) glaofaidh tú you will call tit (root) fall (root) titfidh siad they will fall titfimid amárach we will fall tomorrow an dtitfidh sé? will he fall? nach dtitfidh sé won't he fall? caill (root) lose (root) caillfidh mé I will lose fill (root) return (root) fillfidh mé I will return ní fhillfidh mé I will not return goid (root) steal (root) goidfidh tú you will steal tuig (root) understand (root) tuigfidh tú you will understand an dtuigfidh tú? will you understand? troid (root) fight (root) an dtroidfidh mé? will I fight? buail (root) hit, meet (root) buailfidh mé I will hit, I will meet rith (root) run (root) rithfidh mé I will run éist (root) listen (root) éistfidh mé I will listen bris (root) break (root) brisfidh tú you will break brisfear will be broken léigh (root) read (root) léifidh mé I will read tiomáin (root) drive (root) tiomáinfidh mé I will drive úsáid (root) use (root) úsáidfidh sé he will use úsáidfear will be used *** Verbs: Future 1 - 2ndConj (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/83/) labhair (root) speak (root: "L") labhróidh tú you will speak ("L") labhróimid we will speak ("L") cabhraigh (root) help (root) an gcabhróidh siad? will they help? roghnaigh (root) choose (root) roghnóidh mé I will choose athraigh (root) change (root) athróimid we will change ceannaigh (root) buy (root) ceannóimid we will buy bagair (root) threaten (root) bagróimid we will threaten oscail (root) open (root) osclóimid we will open codail (root) sleep (root) ní chodlóidh mé I will not sleep foghlaim (root) learn (root) foghlaimeoidh mé I will learn foghlaimeoimid we will learn imir (root) play (root; sports) an imreoidh siad? will they play? imigh (root) go away (root; "i") imeoidh mé I will go away (“i”) imeoimid we will go away ("i") oibrigh (root) work (root) oibreoimid we will work sínigh (root) sign (root) síneofar will be signed inis (root) tell (root) an inseoimid? will we tell? ("i") *** Verbs: Future 1, Irregular (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/84/) abair (root) say (root) déarfaidh sí she will say déarfar will be said beir (root) catch, bear (root) béarfaidh mé I will catch ní bhéarfaidh mé I will not catch bí (root) be (root) beidh mé I will be beimid we will be clois (root) hear (root) cloisfidh sí she will hear ní chloisfidh tú you will not hear cloisfear will be heard déan (root) do, make (root) déanfaidh siad they will do faigh (root) get (root) gheobhaidh mé I will get an bhfaighidh tú? will you get? feic (root) see (root) feicfidh mé I will see feicfear will be seen an bhfeicfidh sé? will he see? ith (root) eat (root) íosfaidh tú you will eat tabhair (root) give (root) tabharfaidh sé he will give tar (root) come (root) tiocfaimid we will come an dtiocfaidh sé? will he come? téigh (root) go (root) rachaimid we will go ní rachaidh mé I will not go *** Politics (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/85/) sochaí society dlí law cúirt court (of law) rialtas government náisiúnta national comhairle council bunreacht constitution parlaimint parliament an tOireachtas the National Parliament (Ireland) seanad senate an Seanad the Senate dáil assembly an Dáil the Dáil Taoiseach Irish Prime Minister seanadóir senator teachta deputy Teachta Dála Deputy (TD) méara mayor saoirse freedom vóta vote (noun) toghchán election páirtí party (political) iarrthóir candidate feachtas campaign (noun) ceannaire leader óráid speech (oration) síocháin peace cogadh war slándáil security bagairt threat cabhlach navy (armed forces) Cabhlach na hÉireann Irish Naval Service tuairim opinion straitéis strategy cinneadh decision plean plan cáin tax geilleagar economy cúlú recession an t-aighneas the dispute stailc strike (labor) coiriúlacht crime foréigean violence banríon queen rí king prionsa prince banphrionsa princess gabh (root) arrest, seize (root) gabhann sé he arrests *** Verbs: Future 2 - 1stConj (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/86/) dún (root) close (root) dúnfaidh mé I will close dúnfaimid amárach we will close tomorrow an ndúnfaidh sé? will he close? seol (root) send (root) seolfar will be sent póg (root) kiss (root) pógfaidh sé he will kiss tóg (root) take, build, lift (root) tógfaidh mé I will build fás (root) grow (root) fásfaidh tú you will grow clóscríobh (root) type (root) clóscríobhfaidh mé I will type buaigh (root) win (root) an mbuafaidh tú? will you win? sábháil (root) save (root) sábhálfaidh mé I will save páirceáil (root) park (root) páirceálfaidh sí she will park íoslódáil (root) download (root) íoslódálfaidh tú you will download íoslódálfaimid we will download creid (root) believe (root) creidfimid amárach we will believe tomorrow creidfidh siad they will believe caith (root) wear, throw (root) caithfidh mé I will wear tuill (root) earn (root) tuillfidh mé I will earn cuir (root) put (root) cuirfidh tú you will put luigh (root) lie (root; be horizontal) ní luífidh tú you will not lie (be horizontal) leag (root) set, knock down (root) leagfaidh tú you will set nigh (root) wash (root) an nífidh tú? will you wash? *** Verbs: Future 2 - 2ndConj (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/87/) freagair (root) answer (root) freagróidh tú you will answer freagróimid we will answer tosaigh (root) start (root) tosóimid we will start an dtosóidh sé? will he start? ceistigh (root) question (root) ceisteoidh mé I will question ceisteoimid we will question bailigh (root) collect (root) baileoidh sí she will collect baileoimid we will collect ní bhaileoimid we will not collect anailísigh (root) analyze (root) anailíseoidh tú you will analyze anailíseoimid we will analyze an anailíseoidh tú? will you analyze? *** If/Then with "Má" (Review) (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/88/) Má tá tú, tá sí. If you are, she is. (má) Má rithim, ólaim. If I run, I drink. (má) Má théann tú, téann sí. If you go, she goes. (má) Má d'ól mé caife, d'ól sé tae. If I drank coffee, he drank tea. (má) mura if not (for negative clause) Mura bhfuil tú gnóthach, tar linn. If you aren't busy, come with us. Mura n-itheann tú spionáiste, ní bheidh tú láidir. If you don't eat spinach, you will not become strong. (mura) murar if not (for negative clause if following verb begins w/vowel) Murar ól mé caife, níor ól sé caife. If I didn't drink coffee, he didn't drink coffee. (murar) *** Science (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/89/) taighde research alt article (piece of writing) tionscadal project (noun; "t") dronuilleog rectangle miotal metal leacht liquid leachtanna liquids eolaíocht science anailís analysis fuinneamh energy aonad unit (of measure) meáchan weight luas speed (noun) méadrach metric (adj) achar area ("a") foilseachán publication ("f") teoiric theory dromchla surface (noun; "d') teicníc technique turgnamh experiment (noun; "t") saotharlann laboratory substaint substance fisic physics fealsúnacht philosophy doimhneacht depth cógaslann pharmacy ciúb cube ceimic chemistry ponc dot fiosrúchán investigation ("f") foirmle formula coincheap concept bitheolaíocht biology dúil element ("d") eolaí scientist tíreolaíocht geography alcól alcohol peitreal petrol díosal diesel tóirse flashlight ("t") poll hole ("p") *** Verbs: Imperative (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/90/) Imir! Play! Imrígí! Play! (pl.) Dún! Close! Dúnaigí! Close! (pl) ciúin quiet (adj) go ciúin quietly Bí! Be! Bígí ciúin! Be quiet! (pl) Tar! Come! Tagaigí go ciúin! Come quietly! (pl) deifir haste Déan! Do! Déanaigí deifir! Hurry up! (pl) Tabhair! Give! Tugaigí! Give! (pl.) Ceannaigh! Buy! Ól! Drink! Glan! Clean! Fill! Return! Inis! Tell! Téigh! Go! Ith! Eat! Feic! See! Faigh! Get! Clois! Hear! Beir! Catch! Abair! Say! ná not (with imperative) Ná glan! Do not clean! Ná fill! Do not return! Ná hól! Do not drink! Ná hith! Do not eat! Ná hinis! Do not tell! *** Verbs: Past Habitual (Imperfect) -- 1stConj/2ndCon (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/91/) díol (root) sell (root) dhíolainn I used to sell dhíoltá you used to sell dhíoladh sí she used to sell dhíolaimis we used to sell dhíolaidís they used to sell ní dhíolainn I did not used to sell an ndíolainn? did I used to sell? ól (root) drink (root) d'óladh sí she used to drink d'ólaimis we used to drink léigh (root) read (root) léinn I used to read léiteá you used to read léadh sé he used to read léidís they used to read léití used to be read goid (root) steal (root) ghoideadh sé he used to steal ceannaigh (root) buy (root) cheannaínn I used to buy cheannaíteá you used to buy cheannaíodh sí she used to buy cheannaímis we used to buy cheannaídís they used to buy cabhraigh (root) help (root) chabhraínn I used to help chabhraíteá you used to help chabhraíodh sí she used to help chabhraímis we used to help ceistigh (root) question (root) cheistínn I used to question cheistíteá you used to question cheistíodh sí she used to question cheistídís they used to question inis (root) tell (root) d'insínn I used to tell d'insíodh sé he used to tell imir (root) play (root; sports) d'imrínn I used to play d'imríteá you used to play d'imrídís they used to play *** Verbs: Past Habitual (Imperfect ) -- Irregular (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/92/) bí (root) be (root) bhínn I used to be bhíteá you used to be bhíodh sé he used to be bhímis we used to be bhídís they used to be bhítí one used to be an mbíteá? did you used to be? ní bhínn I did not used to be feic (root) see (root) d'fheicinn I used to see d'fheicteá you used to see d'fheiceadh sé he used to see téigh (root) go (root) théadh sí she used to go théimis we used to go déan (root) do, make (root) dhéanainn I used to do dhéantá you used to do dhéanaidís they used to do ní dhéanadh sí she did not used to do faigh (root) get (root) d'fhaighteá you used to get d'fhaighidís they used to get d'fhaightí used to be gotten ith (root) eat (root) d'ithinn I used to eat d'ithidís they used to eat tar (root) come (root) thagainn I used to come thagtá you used to come thagaidís they used to come thagtaí one used to come *** Spiritual (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/93/) Dia God déithe gods bandia goddess anam soul anamacha souls diabhal devil aingeal angel naomh saint laoch hero paidir prayer suáilce virtue (moral goodness) peaca sin (noun) coinsias conscience reilig graveyard piseog superstition taibhse ghost sochraid funeral neamh heaven ifreann hell slánú salvation Críostaí Christian Caitliceach Catholic Protastúnach Protestant an eaglais the church Naomh Pádraig Saint Patrick an Pápa the Pope sagart priest Aifreann Mass (religious service) an Cháisc Easter machnamh meditation Giúdach Jewish sionagóg synagogue Moslamach Muslim mosc mosque Búdaí Buddhist (noun) Búdaíoch Buddhist (adjective) teampall temple *** Verbs: Conditional (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/94/) modh coinníollach conditional tense dhíolfainn I would sell dhíolfá you would sell dhíolfadh sé he would sell dhíolfaimis we would sell dhíolfadh sibh you would sell (pl) dhíolfaidís they would sell thitfinn I would fall thitfeá you would fall thitfeadh sé he would fall thitfimis we would fall thitfeadh sibh you would fall (pl) thitfidís they would fall d'fhanfainn I would stay d'fhanfá you would stay d'fhanfadh sí she would stay d'fhanfaimis we would stay d'fhanfadh sibh you would stay (pl) d'fhanfaidís they would stay d'éistfinn I would listen d'éistfeá you would listen d'éistfeadh sí she would listen d'éistfimis we would listen d'éistfeadh sibh you would listen (pl) d'éistfidís they would listen d'ólfainn I would drink chuirfeadh sí she would put labhróinn I would speak ("L") cheannófá you would buy cheannóidís they would buy d'imreoinn I would play thiocfainn I would come thabharfainn I would give rachfá you would go rachadh sé he would go dhéanfainn I would do d'fheicfinn I would see d'fheicfeá you would see d'fheicfimis we would see d'fheicidís they would see déarfainn I would say bheinn I would be bheadh sé he would be bheimis we would be bheidís they would be *** Verbs: Conditional - Negative/Questions (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/95/) an bhfanfaidís? would they stay? ní fhanfaidís they would not stay an éistfidís? would they listen? ní éistfidís they would not listen an gceannóinn? would I buy? ní cheannóinn I would not buy ní imreoinn I would not play an imreoinn? would I play? an mbeinn? would I be? ní bheinn I would not be nach mbeinn? would I not be? an rachainn? would I go? ní rachainn I would not go an íosfainn? would I eat? nach dtabharfainn? would I not give? *** Verbs: Conditional - If/Then with "Dá" (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/96/) dá (conj) if ("d": positive conditional clause) dá mbeadh airgead agam if I had money (dá: conditional) Dá mbeadh airgead agam, cheannóinn teach mór. If I had money, I'd buy a big house. (dá: conditional) dá n-imreoinn if I would play (dá: conditional) Dá n-imreoinn bheadh sé sásta. If I would play he would be happy. (dá: conditional) mura if not (for negative clause) mura mbeifeá ansin if you were not there (mura: conditional) Mura mbeifeá ansin bheadh sé anseo. If you were not there he would be here. (mura: conditional) mura mbeadh sé ag obair if he were not working (mura: conditional) Mura mbeadh sé ag obair d'fheicfeadh sé í. If he were not working he would see her. (mura: conditional) *** Verbs: Conditional - Copula (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/97/) B'fhéidir perhaps, maybe B'fhéidir go bhfuil siad. Perhaps they are. B'fhéidir go bhfuil carr aige. Perhaps he has a car. B'fhéidir gur fíor é. Perhaps it is true. *** Eclipsis 2: Review, Prepositions (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/98/) ag an at the pictiúrlann cinema (place) ag an bpictiúrlann at the cinema ag an teach at the house ar an on the bord table ar an mbord on the table ar an tsráid (F) on the street naoi mbliana nine years ar an úll on the apple faoin gcailín under the girl leis an ("le"+"an") with the leis an bhfear with the man ón gcailín from the girl roimh an before the roimh an gcailín before the girl thar an mbiachlár over the menu tríd an mbiachlár through the menu um an around the um an mbosca around the box trioblóid trouble i dtrioblóid in trouble *** Eclipsis 2: Review, Other (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/99/) bhur bhfáinne your (pl) ring i mBaile Átha Cliath in Dublin naoi nduine dhéag 19 people uisce na gcat the cats' water An bhfuil gaeilge agat? Do you speak Irish? Cá bhfuil an leithreas? Where is the toilet? dá mbeidís if they would be *** Lenition 2: Review, Prepositions (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/100/) ar fheabhas excellent, skilled roimh fhuinneog before a window ó shin ago trí thine ablaze mar shampla for example faoi ghlas locked um Cháisc at Easter idir between, both (prep) idir phrátaí agus bhainne both potatoes and milk *** Lenition 3: Review, Other (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/101/) Sláinte Mhaith! Cheers! an bhean bheag the small woman an tsráid the street hata an fhir (gen) the man's hat do mhéar your finger ceithre chat four cats Slán a Dhaidí! Goodbye, Dad! Dia duit a bhuachaill! Hello, boy! Dia duit, a Cháit! Hello, Kate! gormghlas blue-green seanbhean old woman ainmfhocal noun an-bheag very small ró-mhór too big ní thuigim I don't understand ba mhaith liom I would like d'fhan sí she stayed Nár mhaith leis rud ar bith? Wouldn't he like anything? *** Business (/course/375351/duolingo-irish/102/) gnó business airgeadra currency táirge product branda brand (noun) árachas insurance sladmhargadh sale (bargain prices) ór gold cárta card (noun) creidmheas credit (noun) cárta creidmheasa credit card tionscal industry ("t") stocmhargadh stock market an rúbal the ruble (currency) punt pound (currency) conradh contract (noun) buiséad budget (noun) luach value (noun) luachmhar valuable brabús profit (noun) mionta mint bonn coin (noun) boinn coins (noun) fógraíocht advertising gnólacht firm (noun; "g") costas cost (noun) ardú increase, elevation ardú céime promotion (in rank) eagraíocht organization ("e") cosain cost (root) cosnaíonn siad they cost comórtas competition carthanacht charity (organization) seic check (bank) cruinniú meeting comhlacht company ("c")